AC vs DC Charging: What Every EV Owner Should Know

Electric vehicle (EV) owners need to understand the key differences between AC and DC charging to optimize their charging experience. This blog post dives deep into the technicalities and practicalities of both charging methods.

Understanding AC Charging: The Basics

AC charging, or Alternating Current charging, is the most common method used for charging electric vehicles. Level 2 chargers, typically found in homes and workplaces, deliver power at rates ranging from 3.3 kW to 12 kW. They usually operate on a 240V system and can deliver up to 50A. These chargers use connectors like the NACS (North American Charging Standard) connector, which is widely adopted in North America.

In an AC charging setup, the vehicle’s onboard charger converts the alternating current from the charging station into direct current (DC), which is then stored in the vehicle’s battery. This conversion process takes time, which is why AC chargers are generally slower compared to their DC counterparts. However, for overnight charging or charging at workplaces, AC charging is often sufficient and convenient.

The Ins and Outs of DC Charging

DC charging, or Direct Current charging, bypasses the vehicle’s onboard charger by delivering direct current directly to the battery. This method is significantly faster and more efficient, making it ideal for quick top-ups during long trips. DC Fast Chargers (DCFC) typically offer power levels starting from 30 kW and can go up to 350 kW in some cases. Common connectors for DC charging include the CCS (Combined Charging System) connector.

Because the conversion from AC to DC happens externally, DC chargers can deliver higher power directly to the battery, significantly reducing charging times. For instance, a 30 kW DCFC can charge an EV to 80% in just 30 minutes, making it ideal for highway rest stops and commercial EV fleets.

Power Differences and Charging Speeds

The key difference between AC and DC charging lies in their power delivery and speed. Level 2 AC chargers, operating at up to 12 kW, are perfect for daily use scenarios where the vehicle can be plugged in for several hours, such as overnight charging at home or during work hours. These chargers can typically provide around 25-30 miles of range per hour of charging.

On the other hand, DC Fast Chargers (DCFC) deliver much higher power levels, starting from 30 kW and going up to several hundred kW. A 30 kW DCFC can add about 100 miles of range in just 30 minutes, making it suitable for long-distance travel and quick stops. Higher power levels, like 150 kW or 350 kW, can reduce charging times to just a few minutes, although not all EVs can handle such high power inputs.

Best Scenarios for Using AC vs DC Charging

AC charging is best suited for scenarios where the vehicle can remain plugged in for extended periods. This includes home charging, workplace charging, and locations where vehicles are parked for several hours. The lower cost of installation and operation makes AC chargers an economical choice for these settings.

DC charging, meanwhile, is ideal for situations requiring rapid charging. This includes long road trips, commercial EV fleets that need quick turnaround times, and public charging stations in high-traffic areas. While the infrastructure for DC charging is more expensive, the speed and convenience it offers are unmatched.

Choosing the Right Charging Solution for Your Needs

When choosing between AC and DC charging solutions, consider factors such as your typical driving range, charging habits, and the availability of charging infrastructure. For daily commutes and regular use, a Level 2 AC charger might be sufficient. However, if you frequently embark on long trips or manage a commercial fleet, investing in DC Fast Charging infrastructure could be more beneficial.

Maxperr Energy offers a comprehensive range of EV charging solutions tailored for the North American market. From robust 12 kW Level 2 chargers to high-capacity 30 kW DCFC systems, our products are designed to meet the diverse needs of EV owners and operators. With connectors like NACS and CCS, we ensure compatibility with a wide range of electric vehicles. Partner with Maxperr Energy to build a reliable and efficient EV charging infrastructure that supports sustainable transportation.